How should I prove the correctness of algorithm ?

general
,
1

While solving problem I used to think for an idea,then I will code it.
But i never thought about the correctness of algorithm.
What is correctness of algorithm ?
How should I prove it?
Is it necessary for every problem.Any one give me link or examples how to prove the correctness of algorithm.

2

You can refer to the MIT - open courseware(OCW) 42.
It is based on proofs

3

MIT is Ok.